Extrusion wani tsari ne na masana'anta wanda ya haɗa da wucewar abu ta cikin mutu don ƙirƙirar abu mai ƙayyadaddun bayanin martaba na ɓangaren giciye. Ana amfani da fasahar a masana'antu da dama da suka hada da robobi, karafa, abinci da kuma magunguna. Na'urorin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsari na extrusion an tsara su musamman don biyan buƙatun musamman na kayan da ake fitar da su don tabbatar da inganci da daidaito. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu dubi nau'ikan na'urori daban-daban da ake amfani da su wajen aikin extrusion, kayan aikin su, da yadda suke aiki.
1. Single dunƙule Extruder
Maɗaukakin dunƙule guda ɗaya shine nau'in extruder na yau da kullun. Ya ƙunshi dunƙule mai zazzagewa mai jujjuyawa a cikin ganga cylindrical. Ana ciyar da kayan a cikin hopper inda aka yi zafi da narke yayin da yake motsawa tare da dunƙule. Zane na dunƙule yana ba da damar kayan da za a haxa shi, narke da kuma zubar da shi zuwa ga mutun. Single dunƙule extruders ne sosai m kuma za a iya amfani da wani fadi da kewayon kayan, ciki har da thermoplastics da wasu thermosets.
2. Twin Screw Extruder
Twin-screw extruders suna da sukurori guda biyu masu tsaka-tsaki waɗanda ke juyawa a hanya ɗaya ko akasin haka. Wannan zane yana ba da damar haɗuwa da haɗuwa da haɗin gwiwa mafi kyau kuma yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban matsayi na homogenity. Twin-screw extruders yawanci ana amfani da su wajen samar da abinci, magunguna da kayan polymer na ci gaba. Twin-screw extruders kuma za su iya sarrafa kewayon kayan aiki da yawa, gami da abubuwan da ke da zafi.
3. Plunger Extruder
Plunger extruders, wanda kuma aka sani da piston extruders, suna amfani da plunger mai juyawa don tura abu ta hanyar mutuwa. Ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in extruder yawanci don kayan da ke da wahalar sarrafawa tare da masu fitar da dunƙule, kamar wasu yumbu da ƙarfe. Plunger extruders iya isa sosai high matsa lamba sabili da haka sun dace da aikace-aikace bukatar high yawa da ƙarfi extrudates.
4. Sheet extruders
Sheet extruders ne na musamman inji don samar da lebur zanen gado. Yawanci suna amfani da haɗuwa guda ɗaya ko tagwaye mai fitar da dunƙulewa da mutu don fitar da kayan cikin takarda. Za a iya kwantar da takardar da aka fitar da shi kuma a yanka a cikin masu girma dabam masu dacewa da aikace-aikace iri-iri, ciki har da marufi, gine-gine da sassa na mota.
5.mai fitar da fim
Blown film extruder tsari ne na musamman da ake amfani dashi don kera fina-finai na filastik. A cikin wannan tsari, ana fitar da robobin da aka narkar da su ta hanyar mutuƙar madauwari sannan a faɗaɗa su don samar da kumfa. Kumfa suna sanyi kuma suna raguwa don samar da fim mai lebur. Ana amfani da fitattun fina-finai masu fashewa a cikin masana'antar shiryawa don samar da jakunkuna, takarda takarda da sauran kayan kwalliya masu sassauƙa.
Bari mu nuna kamfaninmuLQ 55 Biyu-Layer co-extrusion fim busa inji Mai ba da (Fim nisa 800MM)
Extruder ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu mahimmanci da yawa waɗanda ke aiki tare don tabbatar da nasarar sarrafa kayan aiki:
Hopper: Hopper shine inda ake ɗora kayan da aka ɗora a cikin injin. An tsara shi don ciyar da albarkatun kasa ci gaba a cikin extruder.
Screw: Screw shine zuciyar mai fitar da wuta. Ita ce ke da alhakin isarwa, narkewa da gaurayawan albarkatun ƙasa yayin da take wucewa ta cikin ganga.
Ganga: Ganga ita ce harsashi cylindrical wanda ke dauke da dunƙule. Ganga tana ƙunshe da abubuwan dumama don narkar da kayan kuma tana iya ƙunsar wuraren sanyaya don sarrafa zafin jiki.
Mutu: Mutuwar ita ce bangaren da ke ƙera kayan da aka fitar zuwa siffar da ake so. Za a iya keɓance mutuƙar don ƙirƙirar abubuwa daban-daban kamar bututu, takarda ko fim.
Tsarin sanyaya: Bayan kayan ya bar mutuwa, yawanci yana buƙatar sanyaya don riƙe siffarsa. Tsarin sanyaya na iya haɗawa da wanka na ruwa, sanyaya iska, ko jujjuyawar sanyaya, ya danganta da aikace-aikacen.
Tsarin Yanke: A wasu aikace-aikace, kayan da aka fitar na iya buƙatar yanke zuwa takamaiman tsayi. Ana iya haɗa tsarin yankewa cikin layin extrusion don sarrafa wannan tsari.
Tsarin extrusion yana farawa tare da loda albarkatun ƙasa a cikin hopper. Daga nan sai a shayar da danyen a cikin ganga inda ake zafi da narke yayin da yake tafiya tare da dunƙule. An ƙera dunƙulewa don haɗawa da ɗanyen kayan da kyau sosai kuma a jefa shi cikin mutu. Da zarar abu ya kai ga mutuwa, an tilasta shi ta hanyar budewa don samar da siffar da ake so.
Bayan extrudate ya bar mutu, yana sanyaya kuma yana da ƙarfi. Dangane da nau'in extruder da kayan da ake amfani da su, wasu matakai na iya buƙatar aiwatarwa, kamar yanke, iska ko ƙarin sarrafawa.
Extrusion wani muhimmin tsari ne na masana'antu wanda ya dogara da kayan aiki na musamman don samar da samfurori iri-iri. Daga masu fitar da kaya guda daya da tagwayen dunkulewa zuwa masu fitar da kaya da injunan fina-finai, kowane nau'i na extruder yana da manufa ta musamman a masana'antar. Fahimtar sassa da ayyukan waɗannan injunan yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka aikin extrusion da samun sakamako mai inganci. Yayin da fasaha ke ci gaba da ci gaba, masana'antar extrusion na iya ganin ƙarin sabbin abubuwa waɗanda za su ƙara haɓaka aiki da haɓaka damar sarrafa kayan aiki.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-02-2024